1 Chemistry: The Study of Change 1

2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions 38

3 Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions 75

4 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions 118

5 Gases 172

6 Thermochemistry 230

7 Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms 274

8 Periodic Relationships Among the Elements 326

9 Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts 368

10 Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization

of Atomic Orbitals 412

11 Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids 465

12 Physical Properties of Solutions 518

13 Chemical Kinetics 562

14 Chemical Equilibrium 621

15 Acids and Bases 666

16 Acid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria 720

17 Entropy, Free Energy, and Equilibrium 776

18 Electrochemistry 812

19 Nuclear Chemistry 862

20 Chemistry in the Atmosphere 900

21 Metallurgy and the Chemistry of Metals 930

22 Nonmetallic Elements and Their Compounds 956

23 Transition Metals Chemistry and Coordination Compounds 994

24 Organic Chemistry 1025

25 Synthetic and Natural Organic Polymers 1058

Appendix 1 Derivation of the Names of Elements A-1

Appendix 2 Units for the Gas Constant A-7

Appendix 3 Thermodynamic Data at 1 atm and 25°C A-8

Appendix 4 Mathematical Operations A-13